NUR 631 Topic 4 Quiz

NUR 631 Topic 4 Quiz

QUIZ TOPIC 4: Topic 1 & 2 Cellular Changes And Genetic And Developmental Disorders And Immune System, Infection Disease, And Environmental Disorders.

Complete the quiz, which covers Topics 1 and 2. This is a timed quiz, lasting 35 minutes.

NUR 631 Topic 4 Quiz – Spring 2020

1. Question: Activation of the classical pathway begins with:
2. Question: Where are antibodies produced?
3. Question: What is the role of natural killer (NK) cells?
4. Question: Examples of multifactorial diseases associated with adults include: (Select all that apply.)
5. Question: Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer (NK) cells actively attack?
6. Question: Exhaustion occurs if stress continues when which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is not successful?
7. Question: What is the vascular effect of histamine … from mast cells?

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1. Question: The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is called:
2. Question: A cross-section of a heart from a 45-year-old African American male with long-standing hypertension who died of a stroke is most likely to show which of following adaptive changes?
3. Question: A person with type O blood is likely to have high titers of which antibodies?
4. Question: Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen?
5. Question: After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can … infected yet seronegative for how many months?
6. Question: Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?
7. Question: Which statement is true regarding immunodeficiency?
8. Question: Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain microorganisms because of the:
9. Question: Which cells lose their ability to replicate and divide? (Select all that apply.)
10. Question: A 35-year-old female is … with acute pancreatitis. Her pancreas is releasing amylase and lipase, which will lead to a _________ necrosis.
11. Question: What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
12. Question: In the later stages of an inflammatory response, which phagocytic cell is predominant?
13. Question: Cystic fibrosis is caused by what type of gene?
14. Question: An individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes when he or she has a seriously low level of which immunoglobulin antibody?
15. Question: What type of necrosis results from ischemia of neurons and glial cells?
16. Question: The two most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes are:
17. Question: What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma in only one of a pair of identical twins?
18. Question: The development of scar tissue follows which pattern of necrosis in cardiac muscle tissue following a myocardial infarction?

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION;

What is the role of natural killer (NK) cells?

Introduction

Natural killer (NK) cells are a type of white blood cell that participates in both innate and adaptive immune responses. The primary function of NK cells is to kill other cells, called targets. Although they can kill many different types of targets, they tend to kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells. Importance in cancer: NK cell activity declines as people age, which may contribute to the increased risk of cancer in older adults. Scientists believe that the age-related decrease in NK cell activity may put older adults at higher risk of developing cancer

Role of the NK cells

Natural killer (NK) cells are a type of white blood cell that acts to kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells. They can also kill healthy cells if they are infected with viruses or bacteria.

Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system, which means they respond quickly to infections without requiring an immune response from another organ or tissue in your body. The NK cell detects foreign substances on your body’s surface and then uses specialized proteins called receptors on its outer membrane called CD16/CD56 to target specific pathogens for destruction by phagocytosis or lysis through cytokine release into nearby tissues such as lymph nodes and blood vessels

Natural killer (NK) cells are an important part of the innate immune system.

• Natural killer (NK) cells are an important part of the innate immune system.

• Natural killer (NK) cells are not part of the adaptive immune system, which involves T cells and B cells that recognize specific antigens on foreign substances or organisms. They do not specialize in recognizing specific antigens as does most other aspects of your body’s defense against infections, such as viruses and bacteria. Instead, they recognize non-self cells like cancer cells or abnormal tissues in your body and they can kill these targets without harming healthy tissue around them!

They eliminate a variety of different targets, including virus-infected cells and tumor cells.

Natural killer (NK) cells are a type of cell that can kill a variety of different targets. They are able to eliminate virus-infected cells and tumor cells, among others. NK cells are activated by the innate immune system, which is made up largely of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The APCs present antigens to the NK cell via MHC class I molecules on their surface or through interactions with other professional antigen-presenting cells like macrophages.

Once activated by these signals, the NK cell will release its cytotoxic granules into the cytoplasm of infected or transformed target cells where they fuse with those dendritic cell’s membrane and target them for destruction through associated mechanisms including phagocytosis and lysis [1].

The primary function of NK cells is to kill other cells, called targets.

NK cells are a type of lymphocyte, a type of white blood cell that plays an essential role in the immune system. They can kill target cells by releasing cytotoxic proteins and by directly killing the target cell.

The primary function of NK cells is to kill other cells, called targets. Targets include cancerous tissue and infected or malignant cells within the body (e.g., viral infections).

Although they can kill many different types of targets, they tend to kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells.

NK cells are a part of the innate immune system and they are important in the early stages of an infection. They can also kill many different types of targets, including virus-infected cells and tumor cells (for example, melanoma).

NK cells are important for fighting viral infections and some types of cancer. They can kill malignant cells directly, but they also help regulate other immune cells. NK cell receptors recognize a specific protein on the surface of a target cell, and then attach to it like Velcro. The receptor then passes this information along to an adapter molecule that activates other parts of the immune system.

Importance in cancer

Natural killer (NK) cells are a type of white blood cell that’s responsible for killing cancerous cells. They’re also important in the immune system, and can be used to treat or prevent cancer.

• NK cells play a role in killing tumor cells by recognizing protein markers on the surface of tumors. This allows them to target only diseased tissue and not healthy tissue around it—which is why some forms of chemotherapy can trigger an autoimmune response against your own body’s cells if you have too many NK cells present at high levels in your blood stream when taking certain medications.

• In clinical trials, researchers have found that injecting patients with natural killer antibodies could help them survive longer after receiving radiation treatments for their tumors because they were less likely to develop secondary malignancies as well as other conditions such as lung fibrosis caused by exposure to toxic substances like asbestos during surgery (eosinophilic pneumonia).

NK cell activity declines as people age, which may contribute to the increased risk of cancer in older adults.

NK cells are an important part of the immune system, which is responsible for protecting the body from foreign invaders. NK cells can fight cancer and other diseases by attacking abnormal cells in your body. As people age, their ability to generate and secrete cytokines decreases; this may contribute to an increased risk of cancer in older adults.

The study authors note that further studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine if reducing exposure to pollutants could help protect against chronic disease development among those who live near highly polluted areas such as industrial sites and major roadsides

Scientists believe that the age-related decrease in NK cell activity may put older adults at higher risk of developing cancer.

Natural killer (NK) cells are a type of white blood cell that plays an important role in the innate immune system. They eliminate a variety of different targets, including virus-infected cells and tumor cells.

Natural killer cells are activated by the presence of foreign proteins called antigens on target cells, which triggers them to kill these targets by releasing granules containing cytotoxic chemicals (cytolytic granules). These granules contain bactericidal toxins as well as perforin and granzyme B enzymes that cause DNA damage while they attack their target’s DNA. Once they’ve completed this process, natural killer cells will die off because they don’t have any fuel available for survival when there’s no longer a need for them; however, if you’re exposed again after being killed by one round of this treatment cycle then your body will start producing new NKs because they need constant replenishment!

Natural killer (NK) cells participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses.

NK cells are part of the innate immune system, which is composed of cells that do not require prior exposure to a foreign substance before they attack it. Natural killer (NK) cells can kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells, but they are not as effective against cancer as T cells.

Natural killer (NK) cell activity occurs in response to specific cytokines released by other cells or bacteria. These substances activate receptors on the surface of NK cells, which then release granules containing antibodies that attach themselves to antigens found on pathogens or infected tissue; these antibodies help remove them from your body so you don’t get sick again!

Conclusion

Natural killer (NK) cells are an important part of the innate immune system. They primarily kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells, but they also play roles in other aspects of immunity. The decline in NK cell activity that occurs with age may contribute to the increased risk of cancer that is seen in older adults.