NUR 631 Topic 15 Discussion Questions with Answers

NUR 631 Topic 15 Discussion Questions with Answers

NUR 631 Topic 15 Discussion Question 1

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.”

1. Review the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovarian axis, and explain the pathophysiology of PCOS. Explain the role of hormones in the development of this disorder. How does PCOS contribute to infertility?
2. Mr. Jones, a 60-year-old male, was … for his yearly physical. Upon review of his lab results, a high PSA level was seen. Having heard about the PSA test and correlation to prostate cancer, he is worried about a … of cancer. What would you tell Mr. Jones in your discussion about the lab results?

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NUR 631 Topic 15 Discussion Question 2

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.”

1. Menopause comes at different ages for women. What are the pathological changes causing menopause and what are the pathological changes … after menopause?
2. Testicular cancer is common in younger men. Upon examination, you discover a hard nodule of the right testes. What are the oncogenic influences … with testicular cancer?

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION;

How does PCOS contribute to infertility?

Introduction

PCOS is a condition that affects women’s reproductive health and fertility. PCOS can increase the risk of developing insulin resistance, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and high blood pressure. While PCOS isn’t always the cause of infertility, it can contribute to problems with ovulation and conception. Women who have PCOS may be more likely than other women to experience anovulatory cycles (where periods don’t occur), so many treatment options are geared toward helping them get pregnant sooner.

PCOS is associated with anovulatory menstrual cycles.

PCOS is associated with anovulatory menstrual cycles, which are defined as the absence of ovulation. Anovulatory cycles are a hallmark feature of PCOS and contribute to infertility in two ways: they lead to irregular or absent menses and they make it difficult for you to conceive.

It’s important to note that not all women who have anovulatory periods will have PCOS (although it’s common), but if you have irregular or absent menses plus one or more other symptoms listed above, then there’s a good chance that you might be suffering from this condition.

The symptoms of PCOS vary from woman to woman, and some women may not have any at all. If you’re concerned about your symptoms, it’s always a good idea to see your doctor for an evaluation.

PCOS can cause excessively high levels of androgens in women.

• Excess levels of androgens are a direct cause of infertility.

• Androgens are male hormones that are produced by the adrenal glands, testes and ovaries in women with PCOS. They increase the production of testosterone in both men and women, but it’s more pronounced in women with PCOS because their bodies aren’t able to utilize the excess hormones effectively.

• High levels of androgens can interfere with ovulation by causing ovarian follicles (eggs) to become smaller than normal or even non-functioning altogether due to excess amounts of testosterone being produced by cells within these tiny follicles which have been affected by PCOS’ underlying causes (more on this later). This means that if you don’t fall pregnant after trying for months without success then there could be another reason why!

The other factor that can contribute to infertility is the presence of anovulatory cycles. This means that you don’t ovulate each month and your body doesn’t release an egg which is essential in order to get pregnant naturally.

PCOS increases the risk of diabetes and obesity.

PCOS is associated with diabetes and obesity.

• Insulin resistance is a condition in which the body does not respond properly to insulin, which can lead to high blood sugar levels. The result is that you have less energy for exercise and other activities that boost your metabolism. If you’re overweight, this means it will be more difficult for you to lose weight because your body will burn fewer calories each day despite increased activity levels.

• In addition to having higher risk of type 2 diabetes (which affects about one out of every three women), overweight women with PCOS are also at greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life than those who don’t have PCOS especially if they continue gaining weight during adulthood too!

The reason for this is that PCOS can increase your risk of CVD by increasing your LDL (“bad”) cholesterol levels, which contributes to artery blockage and heart disease. In fact, the American Heart Association recommends that women with PCOS who are overweight or obese should lose weight through a combination of diet and exercise in order to reduce their risk of CVD.

Women with PCOS are at higher risk for infertility than other women.

Women with PCOS are at higher risk for infertility than other women. Many factors contribute to the development of fertility problems in women, including:

• Ovulatory disorders, such as anovulation or polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This can lead to reduced fertility and miscarriage.

• Obesity. Obesity has been linked to infertility by increasing the difficulty of conceiving and carrying a pregnancy successfully. It may also reduce the amount of time it takes for your partner’s sperm to reach you after ejaculation during sex a process known as artificial insemination (AI).

Age. Fertility declines as women age, with a decline in the quality of eggs being one of the main reasons for this. This can lead to increased difficulties conceiving or carrying a pregnancy successfully. Medications. Certain medications used for other conditions such as antidepressants, blood thinners and some anti-anxiety drugs can impair fertility by affecting ovulation or sperm motility (movement).

Conclusion

PCOS affects the lives of millions of women in the U.S. and around the world, but it’s not something that can be overcome with medication alone. In most cases, when people are diagnosed with PCOS they know they need to make changes in order to improve their health and fertility. Some of these changes include losing weight if you are overweight or obese; limiting certain types of foods that are high in carbohydrates; exercising regularly to get rid of excess abdominal fat (or just becoming more active overall).