Examine the Agonist-to-antagonist Spectrum of Action Examine the Agonist-to-antagonist Spectrum of Action Analyze the agonist-to-antagonist spectrum of action of psychopharmacologic agents APA Format, 3 credible references, not more than 5 years old, No certain length, Just make sure to answer the question the instrctor is asking. ORDER INSTRUCTIONS-COMPLIANT NURSING PAPERS Post a response to each of the following: Explain the agonist-to-antagonist spectrum of action of psychopharmacologic agents. Compare and contrast the actions of g couple proteins and ion gated channels. Explain the role of epigenetics in pharmacologic action. Explain how this information may impact the way you prescribe medications to clients. Include a specific example of a situation or case with a client in which the psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner must be aware of the medications action. Discussion: Foundational Neuroscience As a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner, it is essential for you to have a strong background in foundational neuroscience. In order to diagnose and treat clients, you must not only understand the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, but also how medications for these disorders impact the central nervous system. These concepts of foundational neuroscience can be challenging to understand. Therefore, this Discussion is designed to encourage you to think through these concepts, develop a rationale for your thinking, and deepen your understanding by interacting with your colleagues. Learning Objectives Students will: Analyze the agonist-to-antagonist spectrum of action of psychopharmacologic agents Compare the actions of g couple proteins to ion gated channels Analyze the role of epigenetics in pharmacologic action Analyze the impact of foundational neuroscience on the prescription of medications Learning Resources Note: To access this weeks required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in theCourse Materials section of your Syllabus. Required Readings Note: All Stahl resources can be accessed through the Walden Library using this link. This link will take you to a log-in page for the Walden Library. Once you log into the library, the Stahl website will appear. Stahl, S. M. (2013). Stahls essential psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific basis and practical applications (4th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press *Preface, pp. ix?x Note: To access the following chapters, click on the Essential Psychopharmacology, 4th ed tab on the Stahl Online website and select the appropriate chapter. Be sure to read all sections on the left navigation bar for each chapter. Chapter 1, ?Chemical Neurotransmission? Chapter 2, ?Transporters, Receptors, and Enzymes as Targets of Psychopharmacologic Drug Action? Chapter 3, ?Ion Channels as Targets of Psychopharmacologic Drug Action? Examine the Agonist-to-antagonist Spectrum of Action. Order Now

ADDITIONAL DETAILS

The Agonist-to-antagonist Spectrum of Action

Introduction

Agonists are substances that bind to a receptor and cause a response. Antagonists are substances that bind to the receptor without causing a response. An inverse agonist is a substance that binds to the receptor and causes a response in the opposite direction from that of an agonist. Partial agonists have lower efficacy than full agonists; they do not provide complete protection against disease symptoms or injury.

The agonist-to-antagonist spectrum of action applies to all types of receptors.

The agonist-to-antagonist spectrum of action applies to all types of receptors. Receptors can be divided into three categories:

Agonists or partial agonists, which produce their effect by binding to the receptor and triggering a signal cascade that leads to an increase in neurotransmitter release.
Antagonists or inverse agonists, which bind to the same site on the receptor but do not trigger any signal cascades; instead they inhibit or block neurotransmitter release. In some cases, these molecules may also be capable of activating other pathways in addition to their antagonistic effects on neural activity (e.g., NMDA glutamate receptors).

Agonists are substances that bind to the receptor and cause a response.

A receptor is a molecule that binds to an agonist. The response depends on the type of receptor, which determines the type of response.

Antagonists are substances that bind to the receptor without causing a response.

Antagonists are substances that bind to the receptor without causing a response. They can be competitive or non-competitive, depending on how they interact with the receptor.

Antagonists can be used in pharmacology to block the effects of agonists (substances that induce responses).

An inverse agonist is a substance that binds to the receptor and causes a response in the opposite direction from that of an agonist.

Inverse agonists are not agonists, they are antagonists. They bind to the same site on your body’s receptors as do other drugs, but they block some of their actions rather than stimulating them. For example: if you have taken an opioid (such as morphine), your body will feel as if you are doing nothing at all — so this can be very useful in treating drug addiction by blocking some pleasure pathways while still allowing others to function normally (as long as you don’t keep taking opioids).

Partial Agonists have lower efficacy than full agonists.

Partial agonists have lower efficacy than full agonists.

Partial agonists are substances that bind to the receptor and cause a response in the opposite direction from that of an agonist. Once a partial agonist binds to its target, it may either prevent or reverse some of the effects of other chemicals that bind to it—in other words, it can block the action of other substances on your body. However, when you take a full agonist (i.e., one that causes an immediate reaction), there is no room for another chemical’s effect to interfere with yours because all four sites (two for each side) are occupied by one molecule.

To understand pharmacology, it’s important to know and understand what an agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist and partial agonist does.

The agonist-to-antagonist spectrum is a way to classify drugs that activate or inhibit receptors. The prototypical example of this is the opioid receptor: when you take a drug like morphine (an opioid), your body will feel pain relief because of its interaction with this receptor. However, if you took another drug called naloxone (also known as Narcan) which blocks opiate receptors from activating due to their similarity in structure but opposite function—you would still feel some level of discomfort from whatever was responsible for activating them initially! This means that there are many different ways these two molecules can interact with one another without causing any change whatsoever in overall function (a phenomenon known as functional selectivity).

Conclusion

In the end, we can see that there is a spectrum of action that applies to all receptors. Agonists are substances that bind to the receptor and cause a response. Antagonists are substances that bind to the receptor without causing a response. An inverse agonist is a substance that binds to the receptor and causes a response in the opposite direction from that of an agonist. Partial agonists have lower efficacy than full agonists because they do not provide complete relief from pain but rather provide partial relief, which can be seen as good news when it comes to avoiding harmful side effects caused by taking too much medication or overmedicating yourself with any medication at all

Nursing Worker

Examine the Agonist-to-antagonist Spectrum of Action