Details:

Review the theories of Elkind, Erikson, Kohlberg, Marcia, and Piaget in chapters 16 and 17 of the text.

Interview a person of your choice (they may be your parents, relatives, or friends) using the questions approved by your instructor. These questions must address the following:

1. Cognitive, physical, and psychosocial development during the interviewee’s adolescence
2. How peers influenced the interviewee during adolescence
3. What people and/or events influenced the interviewee’s development of morals
4. How the interviewee’s experiences as an adolescent formulate who they are as an adult.

Note: American Psychological Association (APA) ethical guidelines indicate that interviewees have the right to refuse to answer any question posed to them by an interviewer. Please ensure that your interviewees are aware of this, and do not force them to answer where the opportunity to reply has been refused.

Pick one of the theories reviewed in chapters 16 and 17 of the text.

Write a paper of 750-1,000 words, discussing the selected theory and how it relates to your interview. Include the following in your paper:

1. A description of the selected theory
2. A description of your interviewee (gender, age, ethnicity, etc.)
3. How the interviewee’s responses illustrate the selected theory. Support your response with examples.

Include at least three scholarly references, in addition to the text, in your paper.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is required.

 

 

MORE INFO 

Elkind, Erikson, Kohlberg, Marcia, and Piaget Theory

Introduction

There have been many theories about human development, but the ones we’ll cover here are the most widely accepted. Theories are useful because they help us explain what we know about childhood and adolescence so that we can plan for and improve our children’s futures.

Elkind theory

Elkind’s theory is based on the idea that children develop in stages. The first stage, called the sensorimotor period, refers to infants’ ability to understand and respond to their environment through movement. The second stage, called concrete operational thought (COT), occurs when children begin mastering basic concepts such as cause-and-effect relationship and number concepts. At this point they can also begin considering more abstract ideas such as morality or justice; however, these are not yet fully developed cognitive skills. Finally comes formal operational thought (FOT), which includes using logic and abstract reasoning skills like those found in mathematics or physics equations—this is where an adult would be expected to thrive!

Erikson theory

Erikson’s theory is based on the idea that we develop in stages. Each stage represents a period of life, and each phase requires a particular strength to be developed. In order for an individual to move through these stages successfully, he or she must be able to meet the challenges posed by each phase. If an individual fails at meeting these challenges early on in his or her development (for example, if he or she has difficulty developing social skills), then he or she may remain stuck at that stage until later in life when they are able to acquire more ability and maturity needed for success in another area; this process repeats itself throughout our lives as we age into adulthood and become more proficient with specific skills as time goes on.

Kohlberg theory

Kohlberg’s theory is a cognitive development theory that describes the stages of moral development in children and adolescents. It was originally developed by Jerome A. Kohlberg, who believed that moral reasoning develops in six stages. The first stage, which occurs between about 6 months and 2 years old, involves caregivers’ use of punishment to control behavior. In the second stage (ages 2-6), children begin to develop egocentrism—that is, they start thinking only about themselves while being less concerned with other people’s feelings or needs—and begin to understand reciprocal exchange as well as more abstract concepts such as fairness or loyalty towards others. During this period they also develop a sense of justice based on reciprocity: if someone does something good for me then I must do something good back; likewise if someone does something bad toward me then I have an obligation not just not forgive but actively seek revenge against him/her through legal means (if possible). At age 7-9 children reach Stage 3 where they understand abstract concepts such as rightness vs wrongness; justice versus injustice; liberty versus oppression etc., but these ideas still remain somewhat illusory because most people don’t really know what happens behind closed doors at work places nor do we ever see much evidence thereof either way other than what comes out via news media reports so until such time when these notions become more firmly entrenched within society itself then we will continue living under false assumptions about how things work around here.”

Marcia theory

Marcia’s theory of identity formation is based on the idea that people develop a sense of identity by finding their place in society. The theory assumes that people have innate drives and needs, which they strive to fulfill through their interactions with others. In order to establish themselves as unique individuals, they must find someone who will accept them and treat them as an equal. This acceptance can be obtained from either family members or friends; however, it’s usually parents who play this role for children as they grow up and become adults themselves (Erikson).

Piaget theory

Piaget’s theory is a theory of cognitive development. It proposes that human beings are born with a certain level of knowledge, but they learn other things through experience and interaction with the environment. Piaget believed that children learn through trial and error in response to their surroundings, which makes it difficult for them to understand abstract concepts at first because they’re not aware of how their minds work yet (this is known as “egocentricity”).

Piaget also believed there were four stages in cognitive development: sensorimotor (birth-1 year), preoperational (2-7 years), concrete operational (8-11 years), formal operational (12+).

Takeaway:

The Elkind, Erikson, Kohlberg, Marcia and Piaget theories can be used to understand your own development by observing how you change over time. These same concepts can also be used to understand other people’s development by observing how they change over time.

The Theory of Cognitive Development: A framework for understanding personality and character development from birth through adulthood

Conclusion

The theories of Elkind, Erikson, Kohlberg, Marcia and Piaget are a good starting point for understanding how people develop and grow. Each theory focuses on a different part of the process: Elkind looks at individual personality development; Erikson at social and interpersonal relationships; Kohlberg at moral development; Marcia at intellectual growth; while Piaget focuses on cognitive development. All these theories provide a different perspective on adult learning but all have in common their focus on the role of experience

# Section 8: Thesis Conclusion

You can now take your own hypothesis (from section 4) and craft an abstract that summarizes what your thesis will be about. Here are some tips to keep in mind when writing yours:

Make sure your conclusion is written as though it were being spoken by an actual person rather than some faceless writer. Just like an oral presentation where you have to make eye contact with the audience or speak louder so they can hear you over their own conversations around them, it’s important that readers understand what they’re reading!

Try not to end too abruptly either because abrupt endings can be jarring for readers who aren’t expecting them yet still want more information given away at this point.”””

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