NUR 508 GRAND CANYON WEEK 1 ASSIGNMENT NUR 508 GRAND CANYON WEEK 1 ASSIGNMENT ? NUR 508 Grand Canyon Week 1 Discussion 1 What were the major causes of U.S. mortality in the last 100 years, and what public health measures most contributed to improvements in the health of the nation? Include at least two source citations from the readings and/or additional sources to support your answer ? NUR 508 Grand Canyon Week 1 Discussion 2 What are the major causes of disease and death in the 21st century (e.g., chronic illnesses, communicable diseases, etc.) that continue to affect U.S. citizens in spite of the achievements in public health in the past century? What have been some of the strategies implemented to combat these illnesses on the local and national levels? Have they been successful? Include reference citations where appropriate. CLICK HERE TO ORDER YOUR NUR 508 GRAND CANYON WEEK 1 ASSIGNMENT NUR 508 GRAND CANYON WEEK 1 ASSIGNMENT Collaborative Learning Community: CLC Agreement Resource 1: CLC Health Issue Analysis Overview Details: Group work has benefits and liabilities. EVERYONE assigned to a CLC is expected to equally participate in the work in terms of time and quality of effort. Each participant has strengths and it is reasonable to apportion the work to make best use of this. Some are natural leaders. Our strengths can be our greatest liabilities: No one wants to be bossed around no matter how skilled the boss is. Honest communication is critical to effective group work. The best way to avoid conflict is to set very clear expectations up front. Then, if someone does not do what is expected him/her, he/she can be referred to the original agreement rather than have the confrontation become personal. Course instructors are able to observe the group process in the CLC forum. If the work takes place outside the forum, this information will be absent. Be certain (even if communicating via e-mail, phone, or face-to-face) to record the communication in the CLC forum. CLC Project Overview The purpose of this assignment is to critically analyze a health care issue through the focus of major concepts from each Topic. There are six components to this assignment after the CLC agreement is signed and the topic is identified. It is not expected that every member of the CLC group will contribute to each assignment, but that assignments will be divided fairly and equally among the group. Each of the written components of the CLC project will be 500-1,000 words. These papers should be in APA format with a title and a reference page. An abstract is not required. An introduction is required ONLY for Part 1 and is not required in any parts thereafter. It is the intention that if one were to take the six parts of this assignment and put them together, a comprehensive and cohesive analysis would be produced. Part 1 is worth 3 points and each of the subsequent parts (2-6) are worth 4 points each. Topic 1 (10 points) Check into the CLC group and provide contact information and describe prior experience, if any, with health policy. Locate and read the CLC Agreement provided by the instructor, located within the Additional Resources Folder in Canyon Connect. Choose one member to transfer the document to the CLC forum. Decide upon the process needed to fill out the contract. Everyone should participate. Before filling out the agreement, it may be helpful for each student to describe the most difficult, frustrating, helpful, or beneficial apects of working on a collaborative project. Getting this type of information out in the open ahead of time may help to prevent conflict later on. Since no one is angry yet, you can comfortably list what is likely to make you angry and also what would make you satisfied. Complete the CLC Agreement (except for the final block, which is used at the end). Select someone to submit the CLC Agreement by the end of Topic 1. Topic 2 (10 points) Initiate a conversation regarding potential topics of interest. This should be a health issue with national and international relevance that will be the basis for your final project. It may be helpful to identify a number of topics of interest and have individual group members do a quick survey of the literature to be sure that there is current information available. Revise the CLC Agreement with the choice of the topic identified in the title and re-submit the CLC Agreement. There is no formal writing requirement for the topic selection. It is merely a brief paragraph declaring your identified topic. Topic 3 ? Part 1 (50 points) Research and outline the history of the health issue. Write a formal paper in APA format (500-1,000 words in length), describing the history of the issue. A title, introduction, and a reference page are required, but an abstract and conclusion are not. Include the following: 1) Influences such as determinants of health and socioeconomic status. 2) Past and present initiatives (private and public) to address the issue. 3) Outcomes that have been developed and utilized to measure progress on the issue. 4) The current status of the health issue based on measured outcomes. Topic 4 ? Part 2 (60 points) Describe the national and international implications of the health issue. Write a formal paper (500-1,000 words in length), using APA format. Include a title page and a reference page. An abstract, introduction, and conclusion are not required. Include the following: 1) Scope and depth of the problem. 2) Countries that are faring better or worse than others. 3) How the U.S. ranks on this issue in relation to other countries. 4) Efforts of the World Health Organization and other agencies on this issue. 5) Existing disparities (include race, age, and gender, as appropriate) in relation to the issue ? describe the populations that have emerged as being disadvantaged and why. Topic 5 ? Part 3 (60 points) Write a formal paper (500-1,000 words in length), using APA format. Include a title and a reference page. An abstract, introduction, and conclusion are not required. Include a title page and a reference page, and the following: 1) Discuss past and present funding for initiatives that address the health issue. Include both public and private sources. 2) Analyze past and present quality initiatives that address the health issue. Include both public and private sources. 3) Differentiate how being insured versus uninsured impacts health outcomes relative to this issue; 4) Compare health outcomes for the issue between the U.S. and a country with universal health coverage. Topic 6 ? Part 4 (60 points) Write a formal paper (500-1,000 words in length), using APA format. A title page and a reference page are required, but an abstract, introduction, and conclusion are not. Include the following: 1) Examine the previously addressed aspects of health policies, finance, global/national prevention, and/or treatment initiatives related to the health issue by identifying applicable ethics principles. 2) Differentiate how application of the identified ethics principles to the health issue has resulted in population disparities. 3) Hypothesize how existing disparities might be eliminated using alternate ethics principles. 4) Critique whether the applicable ethics principles are consistent with the ANAs Code of Ethics for Nurses. Topic 7 ? Part 5 (60 points) Write a formal paper (500-1,000 words in length), using APA format. A title page and a reference page are required, but an abstract, introduction, and conclusion are not. Include the following: 1) Discuss cultural beliefs and influences relative to the health issue. 2) Differentiate any religious/spiritual beliefs and values relative to the issue. 3) Appraise how religious/spiritual beliefs and values have influenced progress in addressing the issue ? either negatively or positively. 4) Compare differences in ideologies related to the issue across political party lines, geographic regions, and countries of the world. Topic 8 ? Part 6 (60 points) Write a formal paper (500-1,000 words in length), using APA format. A title page, conclusion, and a reference page are required, but an abstract and introduction are not. Include the following: 1) Assess the past and present impact nurses, including advanced professional/ advanced practice nurses, have made in addressing this health issue. 2) Describe how nurses can become more broadly involved with influencing health policy related to this issue. Include available resources. 3) Hypothesize how nurses can positively impact future outcomes related to the provision of care for persons affected by the health issue. 4) Synthesize all aspects of the health care issue through a summary conclusion, concisely tying up Parts 1-8 of the CLC project. This is a CLC assignment. Check into your respective Collaborative Learning Community and provide contact information. Describe your prior experience with health policy. Read ?CLC Health Issue Analysis Overview.? Read ?CLC Group Project Agreement.? Transfer ?CLC Group Project Agreement? to your CLC team space, come to a consensus on team responsibilities, and complete one copy of the form. APA format is not required, but solid academic writing is expected. You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. NUR 508 CLC Group Project Agreement Grading Criteria CLC Course Information Course Name/Section Number: Instructors Name: Start Date of the Course: CLC Member Contact Information (Who is in our group?) CLC Member Name?? Primary E-mail Address???????? Secondary E-mail Address???? Other Contact Information CLC Group Values (What do we need to do to ensure our teams success?) What Each Team Member Agrees to Do?????? Why This Is Important to the Team Check into the CLC regularly to review progress on the assignment. Contribute ideas and feedback to the group from initial discussions throughout project completion. Communicate with all CLC members as soon as a problem or issue arises. Maintain respectful communications with all team members. Complete assigned tasks by the deadlines set by the CLC members. Take a leadership role in CLC assignments. Make sure to cite and reference all sources of information used in completing tasks. Project Management Specifics (What needs to be undertaken to complete the CLC project?) CLC Group Members Name Task to be completed by This Team Member (This section will change for each CLC Project.)?????? Due Date for Completing the Task for the CLC to Review Contributing one or more ideas for how the project should be completed. Outlining the CLC project. Assigning tasks to CLC members. Performing research on assigned topics and writing it up for CLC members to review. Making sure everyone meets their assigned deadlines for tasks. Proofreading and editing the paper. Submitting the paper via the Assignments feature by the due date deadline. CLC Group Interaction Guidelines (How can we anticipate and deal with group conflict when it arises?) What Could Happen To Impede Our Teamwork????? What We Will Do if This Happens? A CLC member doesnt provide project ideas or feedback to other team members. A CLC member doesn’t complete his/her task at all. A CLC member completes his/her task, but turns it in after the agreed-upon due date. CLC Group Review Process (What makes a CLC effective?) What did Our CLC Do Well This Time? (This section will change for each CLC Project.)?????? What Can We Do to be a More Effective CLC Next Time? (This section will change for each CLC Project.) 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION;

Introduction

The world has experienced a great change in the past few decades. In fact, the average life expectancy of humans has increased by nearly 30 years since 1900. However, as we know very well that there are still many challenges ahead of us for improving health status worldwide.

Infectious diseases were once the leading cause of mortality, but now chronic diseases are.

Infectious diseases were once the leading cause of mortality, but now chronic diseases are. Chronic diseases include cancer, heart disease and stroke.

Infectious diseases remain a major cause of mortality in developing countries.

The leading causes of death in the world are: 1. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death globally, accounting for 17 million deaths per year.

Retrospective studies of hunter-gatherer populations indicate that their life expectancy was between 40 and 44 years.

Retrospective studies of hunter-gatherer populations indicate that their life expectancy was between 40 and 44 years. This is an estimate based on a set of assumptions, including birth rates and death rates. Birth rates are influenced by many factors: parents’ health, nutrition, sanitation, etc. Death rates are similarly affected by many factors: malnutrition (poor diet), disease (infectious diseases like tuberculosis), accidents etc.

In recent years, the overall death rate has steadily declined in almost all countries.

In recent years, the overall death rate has steadily declined in almost all countries. The global average for 2016 was 6·7 deaths per 1 000 people (down from 7·2 in 1990). In many regions, however, the number of deaths per 1 000 people remains high. For example, it is estimated that there were 20·6 million people who died of cancer in 2015; this figure is more than 60% higher than in 1950 when just over 4 million died due to the disease worldwide.[1]

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there will be an additional 2 billion people living on Earth by 2050.[2] This increase would lead to an additional demand for healthcare services which could not be met with current resources if mortality rates continue at their current levels.[3]

However, there is a considerable variation between different regions, with a maximum of 26.0 per 100 000 inhabitants per year in Eastern Europe to 7.9 in Asia.

However, there is a considerable variation between different regions, with a maximum of 26.0 per 100 000 inhabitants per year in Eastern Europe to 7.9 in Asia.

In the United States, there were an estimated 1.5 million deaths due to cardiovascular diseases during 2015 (the most recent year for which data are available), accounting for about 13% of all deaths that year.[3] There were also 3 million deaths from cancer and 2 million from lung cancer alone.[4]

The most common form of cardiovascular disease is coronary artery disease, which accounts for over 80% of all cases.[1] Other forms include stroke, heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases include high blood pressure (hypertension), high cholesterol levels in the blood (hyperlipidemia), smoking and physical inactivity.

According to UN estimates, the population aged 60 or over will grow by 56% between 2000 and 2050.

According to UN estimates, the population aged 60 or over will grow by 56% between 2000 and 2050. The population aged 60 or over is projected to increase from 839 million in 2000 to 2.1 billion in 2050.

In addition, a number of factors have led to an increase in life expectancy at birth since 1960: improvements in nutrition and health care; lower maternal mortality rates; reduction of child mortality (under five); improved sanitation systems etc..

The proportion of the population aged 60 or over was about 11% in 2013 and is projected to increase to 21% by 2050.

The proportion of the population aged 60 or over was about 11% in 2013 and is projected to increase to 21% by 2050. This growth will be driven by longevity, as well as a birth cohort that is more likely to reach age 60 than previous generations.

The ‘Baby Boomers’ (born between 1946 and 1964) are a large share of this aging population; they account for nearly two-thirds (65%) of all people aged 65+. In comparison, their parents’ generation reached adulthood after World War II when life expectancy was around 50 years old but now live beyond 80 years old

Worldwide more than 115 million people experience depression every year.

Depression is a serious mental illness that can be treated and managed with medication, psychotherapy, lifestyle changes and support. Depression affects nearly 350 million people worldwide every year. More than 1 in 5 adults report experiencing depression at some point in their lifetime.

Depression is more common among women than men and occurs more frequently after the age of 55 years old or younger when compared to older adults (1). It also increases with age; however symptoms may appear earlier on in life such as adolescence or young adulthood (2).

People who have depression often feel sad for prolonged periods of time; experience loss of interest or pleasure; have trouble sleeping; act eratically (tend to think irrationally); change their appearance (e.g., lose weight); feel guilty about doing things they used to enjoy doing before becoming depressed

Chronic diseases are leading causes of mortality now.

Chronic diseases are leading causes of mortality now. These include heart disease, stroke, diabetes and cancer.

The risk factors for these diseases are often preventable but they may take years to develop and present with no obvious symptoms at first. This means that early intervention can save lives by preventing progression to more serious forms of the illness or reducing complications such as death from heart attacks or strokes.

Conclusion

There is a need to focus on the prevention of chronic diseases. Since they are leading causes of mortality, we can see the potential for positive change if we work together. Efforts in this direction have already begun and will continue to expand as new technologies make it easier to diagnose diseases early and treat them effectively.