A 60-year-old man is brought to the ER by ambulance because of slurred speech and left side weakness. His wife states they went to bed at 11pm and woke up at 5am when she noticed his symptoms. He is right handed with a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia and a heart attack at age 50. He currently is unable to move his left arm and leg. He had an episode of amaurosis fugux (blindness)in his right eye one month ago that lasted for 5 minutes. Around 3 months ago his wife states he had bilateral pain in his legs while they were on a walk that lasted about 15 minutes. He is taking a baby aspirin a day an ACE inhibitor, and statin as well. He does have a history of alcohol use and smoking in the past but stopped after his heart attack.

Permalink: https://collepals.com//coronary-artery-…case-study-paper/

His blood pressure is 195/118 Pulse 106, Respiratory rate 18, Temperature 99.8, o2 sat is 97% on room air. Although his pupils are equal and reactive, and the ocular movements are intact, he is unable to turn his eyes voluntarily toward the left side.  Coronary Artery Disease, Hypertension, and Hypercholesterolemia Case Study Paper   The neck is supple, there is no jugular vein distension, and there are no bruits. The lungs are clear heart sounds regular without murmurs, and abdomen is normal. The limbs are not well perfused distally. The neurologic examination reveals that he is alert and oriented, although he does not recognize he is sick. He shows loss of awareness and attention with respect to objects or stimuli on his left side. He has mild dysarthria but, his speech is fluent, and he understands and follows commands very well. There is mild weakness on the left side of the face and left sided homonymous hemaianopsia, but there is no nystagmus or ptosis, and no tongue or uvula deviation. He is not able to move his left arm and leg, has hyperreflexia, and the left great toe is upgoing.   Coronary Artery Disease, Hypertension, and Hypercholesterolemia Case Study Paper

• What are two questions you would ask this patient?
• Identify the subjective data for this patient.
• Identify the objective data for this patient.
• What is the likely diagnosis?

Your response should include evidence of review of the course material, websites, and literature through proper citations using APA format.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION;

Coronary Artery Disease, Hypertension, and Hypercholesterolemia

Introduction

Coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension (HTN), and hypercholesterolemia are a trio of heart ailments that have been rising in prevalence worldwide. People with these conditions often have similar symptoms, but each disease impacts the cardiovascular system differently. In this article, we will explore these three conditions in greater detail and discuss how to treat them at home before discussing prevention.

Introduction

Coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia are common disorders that can be fatal. Most people with these conditions have a family history of CAD; some also have HTN or HCL.

CAD is the leading cause of death in both men and women. It affects approximately 17 million Americans, or 6% of the U.S. population. CAD is also one of the most important causes of disability and long-term health problems in this country.

Subsection: Metabolic syndrome: A global epidemic

Metabolic syndrome is a combination of risk factors that increase your chance for heart disease and diabetes. It includes a wide range of health conditions:

• Obesity

• High blood sugar (hyperglycemia) or diabetes

• High triglycerides, or fat in your blood

• Low HDL cholesterol, or bad cholesterol (LDL)

The American Heart Association estimates that more than one-third of adults in the United States have metabolic syndrome, which increases their risk for cardiovascular disease. The risk factors include obesity, high blood pressure and elevated plasma glucose levels. Some people with these problems may be able to control them by eating right and exercising regularly; others need treatment to lower their risks further

Subsection: Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of death in the industrialized world. CAD is caused by atherosclerosis, which is a disease of the blood vessels that can affect any part of your body. Atherosclerosis causes your arteries to become clogged with fatty material and calcium deposits from cholesterol buildup from eating too much animal fats and cholesterol-rich foods like red meat and butter. These clogged arteries can lead to heart attacks or strokes because blood flow through them becomes restricted.

Subsection: Hypertension (HTN)

Hypertension (HTN) is defined as systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg. The American Heart Association recommends that individuals with HTN be treated to reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular disease by at least 30%.

Hypertension is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke and heart failure. It can also increase the risk of renal failure if left untreated

Subsection: Hypercholesterolemia (HCL)

Cholesterol is a fatty substance in the blood. High levels of cholesterol can lead to coronary artery disease, which involves atherosclerosis and its effects on your heart.

Atherosclerosis occurs when LDL particles become lodged in the wall of an artery, causing it to narrow and stiffen over time. For this reason, high blood pressure is also associated with an increased risk for developing atherosclerosis and heart disease.

Clinical manifestations of CAD, HTN, and HCL

• Chest pain or shortness of breath during exertion.

• High blood pressure, high cholesterol, and obesity.

Subsection: Chest pain and dyspnea

Chest pain and dyspnea

Chest pain is a common symptom of coronary artery disease. Chest pain may be mild to severe, but it rarely causes sudden death. Dyspnea (difficulty breathing) can occur when the heart muscle becomes enlarged due to atherosclerosis or clogged arteries. Fatigue, loss of appetite and weight loss are other symptoms that can occur in some patients with coronary artery disease. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and weakness are also common symptoms associated with CHD

Conclusion

The diagnosis of CAD, HTN, and HCL is an important component of effective management of patients with these conditions. Even if clinical manifestations are not present, physicians should consider these risk factors for the development of heart disease in their patients because they can lead to morbidity and mortality from heart attacks and strokes.