(NUR 631 Topic 13 Quiz)
NUR 631 Topic 13 Quiz Study Guide (Version 1)
Pulmonary System
Question: Define bronchiectasis
Question: Bronchiolitis tends to occur during the first years of life and is most often … by what type of infection?
Question: Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication?
Question: Decreased lung compliance means that the lungs are demonstrating which characteristic?
Question: What are the effects of aging on the pulmonary system?

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Question: Sitting up in a forward-leaning position generally relieves which breathing disorder?
Question: What is the most common cause of pulmonary edema?
Question: Which immunoglobulin (Ig) may contribute to the pathophysiologic characteristics of asthma?
Question: What medical term is … for a condition that results from pulmonary hypertension, creating chronic pressure overload in the right ventricle?
Question: Define these terms: aspiration, bronchiolitis, pulmonary fibrosis, atelectasis
Question: What are the Total Lung Capacity (TLC), Forced Expiratory Volume over 1 second (FEV1), and Ventilation/Perfusion Ratio (V/Q) for emphysema (increased, decreased, normal)?
Question: What are the Total Lung Capacity (TLC), Forced Expiratory Volume over 1 second (FEV1), and Ventilation/Perfusion Ratio (V/Q) for pneumonia (increased, decreased, normal)?
Question: What are the Total Lung Capacity (TLC), Forced Expiratory Volume over 1 second (FEV1), and Ventilation/Perfusion Ratio (V/Q) for Pulmonary Embolism (increased, decreased, normal)?
Question: Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants?
Question: Cystic fibrosis is caused by which process?
Renal System

Question: List the risk factors for developing bladder and kidney cancers
Question: Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) may be accompanied by a positive throat or skin culture for which bacteria?
Question: Which symptoms are … part of the nephrotic syndrome in children?
Question: What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion?
Question: The glomerular filtration rate is … to which factor?
Question: What effect do natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates?
Question: Describe the action of urodilatin?
Question: Which hormones does the kidney produce?
Question: Which mineral accounts for the most common type of renal stone?
Question: How are glucose and insulin … to treat hyperkalemia … with acute renal failure?
NUR 631 Topic 13 Quiz Study Guide (Version 2)
Lung compliance –(textbook p. 1236)
Lung compliance
Increased compliance
Emphysema is a common cause of increased compliance

Decreased compliance
Common causes of decreased lung compliance
Affects of aging on pulmonary system (textbook, page 1244).
Orthopnea (textbook, p. 1249).
Pulmonary edema: (textbook p. 1260, 1261)
Three major mechanisms by which pulmonary edema occurs:
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS of pulmonary edema
TREATMENT of pulmonary edema
Immunoglobulin in relation to asthma Ch. 35 pgs 1263-1266:

Cor Pulmonale Ch 35 pg 1278:

Infant breathing patterns Ch 35 pgs 1249-1250:

Bronchiectasis Ch 35 pgs 1259-1258

RSV-Respiratory syncytial virus Info from CDC.gov
Infection and Incidence
Symptoms and Care
Transmission
Prevention
Epiglottitis-Chapter 36, pgs 1296-1297

Pathophysiology:
Clinical manifestations:
Evaluation and treatment:
Cystic Fibrosis-Chapter 35, pgs 1310-1313

Patho:
Clinical Manifestations:
Evaluation and Treatment:
GFR-Chapter 37, pgs 1326, 1329 & 1334

Renal Stones (Kidney Stones)- Chapter 38 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
Acute Renal Failure ( Acute Kidney Injury (AKI))- Chapter 38 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function pgs. 1360-
Kidney Cancer-
Clinical Manifestations:
Evaluation and Treatment:
Bladder Cancer-
Pathogenesis:
Clinical Manifestations:
Evaluation and Treatment
Acute Glomerrulonephritis (pg.1353-1357
erular Disorders

Nephrotic Syndrome in Children (pg. 1383-84)
PFT Values (pg. 1243-44) –Look at table 34-3 on 1244!!
MEASUREMENT
Total lung capacity (TLC)
OBSTRUCTIVE PATTERN
RESTRICTIVE PATTERN

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION;

Define bronchiectasis

Introduction

Bronchiectasis is a disease that affects the airways. It’s caused by damage to the walls of your airways, which allows mucus, bacteria and viruses to get inside. Bronchiectasis can cause breathing problems and lead to long-term health problems such as lung infections (like pneumonia) or asthma attacks.

What is bronchiectasis?

Bronchiectasis is a condition in which the airways become dilated and filled with mucus. The airways are the tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs; they’re lined with tiny muscles that help move food through your digestive tract, as well as protect them from infection or injury. If you have bronchiectasis, these tubes can become inflamed (called inflammation of the alveoli), allowing mucus to accumulate inside them instead of being cleared away by coughing or sneezing.

The presence of excess mucus is usually accompanied by other symptoms such as coughing up white colored sputum (phlegm), shortness of breath on exertion (called dyspnea) and wheezing if there is an infection present too. In some cases though it may only cause mild symptoms such as decreased stamina after exercise due to fatigue caused by breathing difficulties caused by asthma but still requires treatment even though no other signs appear on x-ray imaging images taken during screening tests performed prior admission into hospital settings where patients undergo further assessments before being discharged back home again once treatment plan has been agreed upon between health professionals involved during care planning sessions held regularly throughout year long period rehab schedules set aside each month so each person attending program attends at least two days per week depending upon severity level experienced during previous episode experienced over last few months prior diagnosis made when doctor decided surgery needed done early last year before symptoms worsened significantly since then resulting now needing intensive care unit stay due

Signs and symptoms of bronchiectasis

Signs and symptoms of bronchiectasis include:

• A feeling of tightness in the chest.

• Coughing up mucus or blood, especially at night when you’re sleeping.

• Wheezing (a whistling sound).

A feeling of tightness in the chest, which may come and go. Coughing up mucus or blood, especially at night when you’re sleeping. Wheezing (a whistling sound) when breathing out.

Symptoms of chronic bronchiectasis include: Coughing up mucus or blood, especially at night when you’re sleeping. Wheezing (a whistling sound) when breathing out. Feeling tired and breathless, even when resting.

Is bronchiectasis curable?

Bronchiectasis is not curable. Some people with bronchiectasis may need to take medications for the rest of their lives to prevent cough, coughing up mucus, and persistent wheezing. Others may need surgery or a lung transplant.

Bronchiectasis is not contagious. It’s caused by an underlying lung disease, such as cystic fibrosis or a genetic disorder that affects the cilia. Cilia are tiny microscopic hairs inside your lungs that help move mucus out of your airways.

If you have bronchiectasis, your cilia are damaged and can’t do their job. The mucus stays in your airways, which causes infection and inflammation.

What can be done to improve the quality of life for a person with bronchiectasis?

• Treating bronchiectasis with antibiotics is the most common treatment.

• Treating bronchiectasis with steroids may be helpful in some cases.

• Surgery to remove part or all of an organ can also help improve symptoms, but it’s not always possible because there are many other factors that affect how well your body responds to surgery.

Symptoms of bronchiectasis include: -Coughing up mucus that is often bloody (hemoptysis) -Shortness of breath -Chest pain when breathing in deeply or coughing -A feeling of tightness in your chest and rib cage that doesn’t go away

Bronchiectasis is a disease caused by damage to the walls of your airways

Bronchiectasis is a condition that causes the airways in your lungs to become scarred, making them wider and more open than normal. The walls of the airways become inflamed and damaged. The disease usually develops when there’s infection or damage from cigarette smoke. It can also be caused by:

• Exposure to dust or fumes

• Certain drugs (such as marijuana)

• Viral infections

Conclusion

Bronchiectasis is a disease that affects your lungs and airways. It can cause shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing and other symptoms. There are two types of bronchiectasis: primary (congenital) and acquired (secondary). The main difference between the two is that primary bronchiectasis is inherited from a parent who has it, while secondary bronchiectasis develops after an infection or other condition causes damage to the airways.

If you have been diagnosed with either type of bronchiectaticiain this article we hope that it gave some insight into what treatment options are available for you.