BIOS251 Week 5 Chapter 6 Real Anatomy Skeletal System

BIOS251 Week 5 Chapter 6 Real Anatomy Skeletal System

BIOS 251 Anatomy & Physiology I with Lab

Week 5 Chapter 6 Real Anatomy Skeletal System Histology and Physiology

The cartilage indicated by the arrow is Enter your answer in accordance to the question statement  .

The area indicated by arrow number 1 represents the head of the femur and is called the Enter your answer in accordance to the question statement  .

The area indicated by arrow number 3 represents the shaft of the femur and is called the Enter your answer in accordance to the question statement  .

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The area indicated by arrow number 1 consists of Enter your answer in accordance to the question statement  bone.

The area indicated by arrow number 2 consists of Enter your answer in accordance to the question statement  bone.

The unit arrangement of cells indicated by the red lines numbered 1 is called an Enter your answer in accordance to the question statement  .

The structure indicated by the red arrow numbered 2 is Enter your answer in accordance to the question statement

Identify the structure indicated by the red arrows numbered 3: Enter your answer in accordance to the question statement

The following figure represents the cartilage found in the Enter your answer in accordance to the question statement  plate of a long bone.

The cartilage depicted in the following figure is Enter your answer in accordance to the question statement  . Hint: Make up the fetal skeleton framework and also found in adult skeleton.

 

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Real Anatomy Skeletal System Histology and Physiology

Introduction

The skeletal system is made up of bones and cartilage. The bones are connected by joints, which allow for movement and allow for the muscles to work. The joints are also covered in cartilage, which helps cushion the connection between two bones when they move.

Skeletal histology

In order to understand the anatomy of a human body, it is important to have an understanding of the histology of that particular tissue. Histology is a branch of biology that focuses on studying the structure and function of cells, tissues, and organs.

The skeletal system is made up of bones (the hard tissues) which are made up of bone cells called osteoblasts and osteocytes; cartilage which acts like an elastic matrix between them; ligaments which connect different bones together; tendons connecting muscles to bones; joints where these parts meet each other during movement

Microscopic structure of bones is typical of connective tissue

The bone is a connective tissue that contains cells and extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix is made up of proteins, polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Collagen is the main protein found in bone matrix; it holds cells together to form the framework for bones. Other proteins found in bone include osteocalcin (a calcium-binding protein), osteonectin (a cytokine involved in bone formation), fibronectin (a glycosaminoglycan) and laminin A/B (extracellular scaffolding proteins).

Framework of inorganic salts and organic bone matrix

The framework of the skeleton is made up of inorganic salts and organic bone matrix. Inorganic salts are calcium phosphate, carbonate and fluoride. Organic bone matrix is a protein rich substance which contains collagen and proteins. It also contains water, lipids, phosphorus and calcium

Microscopic structure of bone is irregular and complex

The bone is made up of a series of concentric layers. The outermost layer is the medullary (or cortex) bone, which is composed mainly of collagen fibers and osteocytes that produce new bone cells. It provides strength and flexibility to the rest of your skeleton.

The next layer down is called trabecular bone; it contains many tiny cavities filled with blood vessels and red marrow (bone marrow). These cavities are called Haversian canals because they resemble natural channels found in trees or rocks—these ones contain nutrients for proper development during growth spurt years when kids are growing fast!

Next comes compact cortical (spongy) bone that’s packed tightly together but still porous enough to allow blood vessels through easily—this part forms most of our skull bones including temples as well as ribs etcetera

Bone matrix provides strength and hardens the bone

The bone matrix is made up of collagen fibers, calcium salts and proteoglycans. Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body and provides strength to your bones by providing a framework for them to grow in. Proteoglycans are large molecules that contain sugar molecules, which can bind themselves to other proteins or take over functions within cells or tissues.

Inorganic salts imparts rigidity to the bone

The Inorganic salts present in our body include sodium, calcium and phosphorous. Sodium and calcium are the major components of bone, while phosphorus is found in small quantities. The main component of bone matrix is calcioprotein, which is a complex protein made up of many amino acids including those found in collagen, elastin and other proteins that make up our skin or hair.

Formation and growth of bones

Bones are formed by the union of bone marrow and mesoderm. Bone marrow is a soft tissue that is rich in blood cells, while mesoderm is the connective tissue that gives rise to muscle, bone and other tissues. The process begins with stem cells in the developing embryo that begin dividing by mitosis to produce more stem cells (also known as progenitor cells) which then differentiate into either bone or cartilage depending on their location.

The formation of bones involves two major steps: firstly, osteoblasts secrete mineralized collagen fibers into spaces between existing bone tissue; secondly, osteoclasts break down old bone material through biochemical processes called hydrolysis leading ultimately to resorption until there’s nothing left except empty cavity walls filled with new minerals

endochondrial ossification and intramembranous ossification

Endochondral ossification is a process in which cartilage model is formed on the surface of bone. It occurs in long bones, such as femur, humerus and tibia. In contrast to endochondral ossification, intramembranous ossification involves formation of a cartilage model within the medullary cavity. This process begins with the formation of mesenchymal tissue – precursor cells that become chondrocytes once these cells mature into mature chondrocytes (cartilaginous tissue). The chondrocyte then secretes chemicals called extracellular matrix that holds together bony trabeculae (structural units) through their matrix-producing activity on each other so they can form a solid mass called hyaline cartilage (also known as compact bone).

There are two types of ossification

Ossification is a process by which bone tissue replaces cartilage. It occurs in two forms, endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification.

Endochondral ossification begins when cells form from mesenchymal tissue (or “mesenchyma”) surrounding the cartilage model. These cells then divide, forming more cells that start to specialize into bone-producing tissue called osteoblasts and osteocytes or “bone builders.” Osteoblasts lay down new bone while osteocytes secrete hormones that stimulate them to do so. The formation of this new bone takes place over time as the endochondral phase progresses; however, once complete there will be an increase in size followed by a decrease in size due to resorption (the natural breakdown) as well as remodeling into another form such as trabecular bone). This process continues until nothing remains but mineralized fragments floating around within blood vessels (called “microfractures”).

Conclusion

The skeletal system is composed of bone, cartilage and connective tissue. It consists of bone, which provides strength and rigidity to the body, cartilage that cushions joints and protects them from injury, and the connective tissue that supports muscles, organs and other tissues in a healthy body.