Alcohol derivatives are a diverse group of organic compounds derived from alcohols through chemical reactions. These derivatives feature functional groups where an oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon atom that is also bonded to another atom or group. Alcohol derivatives, such as phenols and thiols, play a significant role in chemical reactions crucial to both industrial applications and biological processes. In combustion reactions, alcohols can burn in oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide, releasing energy. Dehydration reactions of alcohols lead to the formation of ethers or alkenes, depending on the conditions, illustrating their versatility in forming different chemical structures. Oxidation reactions transform alcohols into aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, showcasing their reactivity and importance in synthesis. Understanding these reactions provides insight into energy production, material synthesis, and the metabolic pathways essential for life sciences.

Objectives:

Identify properties characteristic of alcohols, phenols, thiols, and ethers.
Classify alcohols and amines as primary, secondary, or tertiary.
Write IUPAC names for alcohols, phenols, thiols, and ethers.
Draw or identify structural formulas for alcohols, phenols, thiols, and ethers.
Write equations for the combustion, dehydration, and oxidation of alcohols and thiols.